Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

The ECMO machine replaces the function of the heart and lungs. For example, ECMO is used during life-threatening conditions such as severe lung damage from infection, or shock after a massive heart attack.

ECMO is used to help people whose:
■■ Lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to the body even when given extra oxygen
■■ Lungs cannot get rid of carbon dioxide even with help from a mechanical ventilator
■■ Heart cannot pump enough blood to the body
ECMO may also be used to support people with heart or lung dis- ease that cannot be cured while they wait for an organ transplant (e.g. new heart and/or lungs).

The ECMO machine pumps blood from the patient’s body to an artificial lung (oxygenator) that adds oxygen to it and removes carbon dioxide. Thus, it replaces the function of the person’s own lungs. The ECMO machine then sends the blood back to the patient via a pump with the same force as the heart, replacing its function. The ECMO machine is controlled by a person called a perfusionist, or a nurse or respiratory therapist with advanced training called an ECMO specialist. The perfusionist or ECMO specialist will adjust the settings on the machine to give the patient the amount of heart and lung support they need.

Click to access what-is-ecmo.pdf

 

 

Acetabuli protrusio

Protrusio acetabuli is a rare anatomic pattern of the hip in which the femoral head protrudes into the true pelvis.

Protrusio acetabuli (arthrokatadysis or Otto pelvis) is a relatively rare condition associated with secondary osteoarthritis of the hip. Radiographically, protrusio acetabuli is present when the medial aspect of the femoral head projects medial to Kohler’s (ilioischial) line. This results in medialization of the center of rotation (COR) of the hip. Protrusio acetabuli is typically associated with metabolic bone disease (osteoporosis, osteomalacia, Paget’s disease) or inflammatory arthritis (RA or ankylosing spondylitis). Idiopathic acetabular protrusio can occur without the above associated factors however. Patients with protrusio acetabuli typically present with significant restriction of range of motion (ROM) of the hip due to femoral neck and trochanteric impingement in the deep acetabular socket and pain associated with secondary osteoarthritis (OA).

https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/abs/10.1302/1358-992X.97BSUPP_1.CCJR2014-031